Linking to images from various locations in Twig

I have images in various locations, and I want to know how I can link them in Twig.

For instance, I can link to images in my theme's images folder like this, no prob:

--- {{ url('theme://images/shoe-landing.jpg') }} ---

But how would I link to images in my /pages/images folder?

And how could I link to images that that are defined within page markup (like this: ![Test Image 3](../test-post-3/test_image_3.jpg))? Are these accessible via Twig?

I know you can do url('user://data/whatever'). Not sure about .. notation.

That's helpful, thanks